Home Furnishings "Jargin"
and descriptions.
Abrasion wear:
Distress or erosion marks on fabrics, wood or metal. Created when a
surface experiences friction in use or handling.
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Acanthus leaf: A plant with a beautiful leaf
of scrolling points and pinnate lobes. Often found in objects from
Greek and classical antiquity as a decorative motif. Still popular in
fabrics, art, accessories and carvings.
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synthetic fiber made from cellulose, a common material in the cell walls
of many plants. Its desirable properties are elegance and versatility;
and it is usually combined with other fibers to add a luxurious hand and
appearance. Acrylic: A synthetic fiber derived from plant or chemical
resin. Acrylic's desirable properties are moderate strength and its
acceptance of brilliant color dyes. Acrylic also has a soft, plush loft
that does not flatten.
Antique finish: A patina of age created by the application of
paint, stain or other surface treatments.
Arm caps: Coverings, mostly crafted from fabric, designed to
protect the top surface of chair and sofa arms.
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Armoire: A cabinet or wardrobe, usually made of
wood and originally built to store linens, clothing or other household
items. Now often used as media centers. Derived from Latin word for
chest.
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| Art Deco style:
A style of art, decoration and architecture, generally popular from
1925-1940. Often used geometric designs, bold colors, wood, metal,
glass, stone and plastic either singly or in mixed media application.
Art Nouveau style: A style of art, decoration and architecture
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that depicted flowing leaves,
flowers and natural elements. Typical materials used were wood, metal
and glass.
Arts & Crafts style: A style of art, decoration and
architecture made popular during the first half of the 20th century.
Often associated with simple, clean-lined pieces that have a handcrafted
look and feel. Also referred to as Mission style.
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| Balance: A
harmonious or satisfying arrangement and proportion of the components of
a product or environment.
Ball and claw foot: A decorative feature on traditional wood
furniture. The foot imitates a carved ball held by a talon of a bird of
prey, usually an eagle.
Beadboard: An architectural design element in wood. Paneling
is routed vertically so that parallel lines span the height of the
board. Often used as wall material, wainscoting and cabinet doors. The
beadboard is then painted or stained.
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Bergere: A chair of French design with carved
wood framing, upholstered body and sumptuous seating. Popularized in the
reigns of Louis XIV and XV.
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| Bench seat: An
upholstery feature in which the seat of a sofa, loveseat or settee is
made of only one cushion rather than two or more. The complete seating
space is a single unit.
Bias: The cutting and sewing of a fabric at a diagonal or 45
degree angle in relationship to the pattern.
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Block foot: A square or tapered leg of a chair
or sofa. Usually made of wood, plastic or metal.
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| Bombe: A French
design silhouette common in chests, cabinets and armoires. Features a
convex or outward curving of the dimensions in the lower portion of the
piece.
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Boxpleat skirt: The treatment of a skirt using
alternating high/low folds of fabric to create a dentil pattern.
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Brocade: A heavy
fabric woven with a rich, raised design or pattern.
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Buffet: 1-A piece of furniture designed for
serving food. 2-The lower portion of a two-piece china cabinet.
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Bullion trim: A trim made of lengths of yarn
twisted into a rope or braid. Applied to the base of upholstery,
draperies, pillows and lampshades. Available in many colors, sizes and
lengths. Originated in France in lacework made with gold or silver
threads.
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Bun foot: A base style – usually made of wood –
for upholstered products crafted in the shape of a spherical or flat bun.
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Burl: The
beautiful, swirling grain pattern in wood usually harvested from roots or
knots.
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Button tufted: An upholstery surface technique that
uses buttons to create a pattern. Can mimic the look of pieces of fabric
and/or leather sewn together.
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 Cabriole: A shape given to a furniture feature,
usually a leg, with a gentle hip or bow near the top, then curving and
tapering into a smaller foot.
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Camelback: The name referring to a style of furniture
in which the back swells into a higher dimension at the center point and
declines to a lower dimension at either side.
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| Cane: 1- Material
usually derived from the soft, outer bark of rattan and woven into the seat or
back surface of chairs. 2- Material created from wood or wicker and made to
resemble the segmented growth pattern of bamboo, water or ribbon canes. Often
used as motif in the leg or base of furniture pieces.
| Case goods: Furniture items that are generally used
for storage and have a case as the primary component of construction. The case
space is then filled with drawers, shelves and/or doors. Examples are
dressers, armoires, cabinets and chests.
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Casters: Round or tire-shaped wheels attached by a
swivel to furniture pieces for mobility; generally constructed of metal or
plastic.
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Chaise: A chair with an elongated seat that allows the
occupant's legs to be raised. From an old French word for chair.
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Channel back: A patterning technique in upholstered
goods using vertical seams to create definition and separation in back
materials.
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 Charles of London arm: A style of arm construction,
also known as English, that is lower near the back and swells into a graceful,
sinuous curve at its front. Padding is usually rolled over the side of the arm
to create a fuller dimension above a flat side panel.
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| Chenille: A tufting
technique of yarn making which allows the fibers to blossom, creating a soft
and plush fabric. From an old French word for caterpillar.
Chesterfield: A name for a silhouette of upholstery, usually
overstuffed and more masculine in attitude. Many Chesterfield pieces have a
tight back, rounded corners and large, rounded or semi-rounded arms. Named
after the 4th Earl of Chesterfield, an 18th century writer.
Chintz: Fabric that has been printed and then glazed to have a high
sheen. Usually cotton and floral, occasionally in solids, plaids or stripes.
From the Hindu word for shiny or spotted.
Chippendale: A traditional style of furniture with flowing lines and
Rococo ornamentation. Named for an early 17th century British cabinetmaker.
Club foot: Refers to a simple turned foot modeled after a club, much
like that used in the early days of golf. Usually paired with Cabriole and
Queen Anne style legs.
Colonial style: A traditional style of furniture popularized during
the American Revolution. Pieces were often gracefully carved and featured
moderate to heavy ornamentation. Also used to reference furniture crafted by
settlers in colonial areas around the globe using local materials exhibiting
Old World designs in New World materials.
Color transfer: 1- The process of applying color from one material
onto another by moisture or heat. 2- The accidental seepage of color from one
material to another.
Colorway: The variety of color choices in which a product is
constructed.
Contemporary style: A name given to a broad style range of designs
from the 20th century. Generally, designs are simple and pure in concept and
crafted from woods, metals, polymer products or glass.
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Contrasting welt: The welting or piping at seams that
is covered in fabric contrasting or different from the main body cloth of an
upholstered piece. This technique creates a highlighting of the components in
the piece. Applies to pillows, linens, seating pieces, draperies, etc.
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| Conventional center:
The pattern in a fabric where the center parallels the selvages or edges and
runs the length of the roll of yardage rather than across it. Certain centered
patterns require centering and balancing on the back, seat cushions, and other
areas of a piece of upholstery, thus requiring more yardage. See Selvage.
Conventional match: The pattern in a fabric where the center
parallels the selvages or edges and runs the length of the roll of yardage
rather than across it. For instance, certain florals, plaids or large checks
might require that the pattern be matched at seams in critical focal points,
and possibly other visible areas. See Selvage.
Conventional random: The pattern in a fabric where the center
parallels the selvages or edges and runs the length of the roll of yardage
rather than across it. The pattern of the fabric is small enough or indistinct
enough that matching and centering are not required.
Cottage: 1- A small, usually one-floor house often bearing some
details of rural inspiration. 2- An interior design plan or style of
furnishings that uses cottage influences. Cottage as a trend generally refers
to romantic colors, simple lines and natural materials.
Cotton: 1- A green, leafy plant with showy, white fibrous flowers.
2- The fiber derived from the blossoms of the cotton plant. 3- Textiles made
from cotton fibers. Admirable qualities: abrasion resistance, excellent hand
and pilling resistance, offers an elegant and stylish appearance. |
Damask: A
rich, flatly woven textile that features a pattern that is created
with slightly varying shades of one color.
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Dentil molding: An architectural detail
featuring equally spaced wood blocks. Often found in traditional
furniture and architecture.
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| Design: 1- To
conceptualize the appearance of an object or space. 2- A style, fashion,
appearance or characteristic.
Dinette: A small dining set consisting of a table and
coordinating chairs. Used for casual or in-the-kitchen serving.
Distressed: The marring, damaging or finishing of an object or
material to create an aged, used or rustic appearance.
Down: The very soft, fine and luxurious feathers from the
breasts of waterfowl.
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Eclectic: A
design aesthetic that mixes objects from various style categories or
historical periods. From the Latin for "to gather."
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Eight-way hand tied: A method of seating construction
using coil springs that are tied or looped with strong cord at the eight
compass points to the surrounding coils and frame.
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Escutcheon: The decorative plate around a keyhole.
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| Fauteuil: An
armchair, usually covered in fabric, with open sides.
Fill/weft: The visible yarns in a textile that are woven through the
less visible foundation of warp yarns. Weft yarns run perpendicular to
selvage. See Selvage.
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Finial: The decorative ornament cap of a post – as in
a fence or chair frame – or the decorative top securing a lampshade.
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| Finish: 1- The
surface coating of an item. Some finishes provide protection, some color,
others both. 2- To apply an agent to the surface of an object. Fabrics, woods,
metals, stone and many other materials require finishing for a variety of
reasons: color, texture, moisture or stain protection.
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Flame stitch: A pattern created in the weaving of a
textile that resembles the arching and ebbing of flames.
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| Flax: The plant with
pale blue flowers and slender stems from which linen is derived.
Flow: To run smoothly in unbroken continuity as in: 1- Flow-matching
fabrics where the pattern is matched from top to bottom on a piece of
upholstery; 2- The designing of a space so that the elements are harmoniously
arranged by shape, style and color.
Fluting: The carving of parallel grooves into wood or other solid
materials.
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Frame: The mostly unseen materials used to craft the
supporting structure of a piece of upholstered furniture. Wood, metal and
plastic are common frame materials.
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| French Classic style: Designs popularized during the reigns of Louis
XIV and XV.
French Provincial style: Designs inspired in the countryside and
small cities of the south of France during the 17th and 18th centuries.
Elements were pure, materials natural, and colors drawn from the earth and
sky.
Focal point: 1- The area in a room or a design piece to which the
eye is drawn. 2- The center of interest or activity.
Full grain leather: The complete, uncorrected hide of an animal. The
grain side refers to the side from which the hair or fur has been removed.
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| Gallery edge: The
raised outer portion of an object such as a table or buffet. Georgian style: Architecture or objects bearing characteristics from
the period of the reigns of the four King Georges of Britain from 1714 to
1830. The design aesthetic might be described as less ornamentation to create
a more masculine appearance.
Gilding: Applying gold or a gold-like substance to the surface of an
object.
Glaze: A finishing technique used to highlight or add depth to the
surface.
Grain: The pattern inherent in the fibers of wood or leather or
other natural materials reflecting growth or expansion.
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Hand: The reaction
to the sense of touch when fabric or leathers are held in the hand.
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Hutch: 1-A cabinet usually used for the storage of
serving pieces. 2- The top half of a two-piece cabinet.
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 Inlay: The fitting together of wood, shell, bone or
stone pieces into a surface area to create a desired pattern.
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| Jacobean style: From
the period of the early 1600s in England. Ornamentation tended to be heavily
carved or spindled and finished in dark stains. Woven or printed patterns
feature a "Tree of Life" motif. Jacquard: 1- An intricately woven textile. 2- The loom developed by
Frenchman Joseph Jacquard in 1801 that first allowed for a mechanical weaving
of complex patterns.
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Kickpleat skirt: A straight skirt that is often
divided in the center of width and on the corners where another smaller skirt
is placed in the back of the opening left by the division or vents.
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Kickpleat with shirred corners: A straight skirt that
is often divided or vented in the center of width and on the corners where
another smaller, gathered or shirred skirt is placed in the back of the
opening left by the division or vents.
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| Lacquer: The hard
and shiny cellulose-based finish applied to furniture surfaces. Ladder-back: The back of a piece of furniture, typically a chair,
resembling the steps of a ladder.
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Lattice: A crisscross pattern often found in wood
products or textiles. The pattern can be squared or on the diagonal.
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| Linen: 1-The fine
and durable fiber of the flax plant. 2- A handsome, crisp textile woven from
the fiber of the flax plant.
Lodge: 1- A rustic house or inn usually located in a remote area. 2-
A trend of furnishings modeled after rustic elements and objects found in
lodges.
Loose-back pillow: An unattached pillow providing support for the
back of an upholstered piece.
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Loose pillow back: The back of an upholstered piece
created by a series of unattached pillows.
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| Louis XIII, XIV, XV,
XVI: The four kings of France from 1610 to 1792. These kings were
responsible for a period of magnificent contributions to the arts, sciences
and agriculture. Many of the aesthetics that have influenced Western world
design originated during this time.
Luggage stitching: A sewing technique that creates seams featuring
the two parallel rows of stitching often found on fine luggage.
Lurex: Fibers created from finely slit aluminum film, then covered
in plastic. Often used in mid-century objects. The luster of the yarn imitates
gold and silver threads. Admirable characteristics: strength and sheen.
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Lyre arm: A bow-shaped section of a piece of furniture
modeled after the musical instrument of ancient Greece.
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| Marquetry: The
craft of inlaying wood or other natural materials into a surface area to
create a distinctive pattern; usually indicating a more elaborate and fine
artistry than inlay.
Married cover: The specifying of a particular fabric's use with a
particular frame style in repetitive production.
Matelasse: A textile weaving technique using two layers of fabric
held together by stitches sewn into a pattern. The pattern could be
botanical, such as leaves; geometric such as diamonds or squares; or
abstract shapes. The space between the layers of fabric creates pockets
between the stitches. Matelasse fabrics are heavy, sumptuous and durable.
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Mattress-tufted: A method of cushion or pillow
construction featuring symmetrical tufting usually with buttons. Mimics the
appearance of a mattress surface.
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Mission: A design
style reflective of objects from the early 20th Century. Items were
typically plain, solidly built and of dark finish.
Moiré: A textile pattern that mimics the marks left by water
having evaporated from paper or silk. There is a distinct and recognizable
pattern to moiré and it is modeled after silk that has dried.
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Molding: The decorative embellishment or trim around
the walls of a room or a piece of furniture.
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| Motion furniture:
Items that have multiple positioning capabilities or allow for movement, such
as a recliner, incliner, swivel or glider.
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Nailhead trim: The use of decorative nail heads around
the edges of upholstery pieces.
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| Nap: The pile or
surface texture created by the yarns of a textile. Generally used to refer to
a soft or fuzzy characteristic. Nubuck: Leather created with a slight nap by abrading the top layer
of hide. More serviceable and durable than suede, though similar in
appearance.
Nylon: 1- A synthetic yarn derived from polymers usually
petrochemical in origin. 2- The textile made from nylon yarns. Admirable
characteristics: excellent abrasion resistance, dyes well, lightweight and
lustrous.
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| Occasional table:
Generally refers to a table used with a sofa or chair. Could also refer to an
accent table used independently and intermittently. Olefin: A man-made fiber from a hydrocarbon source. Admirable
qualities are strength and stain resistance.
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Ottoman: 1-A piece of furniture designed to support
the feet. From the ancient Eastern empires where such pieces were easily
portable and used for seating. 2- An upholstered piece with no arms or back.
3- A cloth with a small and tight cording construction.
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| Padding: The soft
materials used between the frame and cover of an upholstered piece to create
comfort and shape. Foam, fabric and fiber are common elements of padding.
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Parsons leg: A simple, straight, square leg that is
the same dimension from top to bottom. From the Parsons School of Design.
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Patina: The surface appearance of an object that is the result of
age or use.
Pigment: A substance used to provide or carry color.
Pilling: The small balls of yarn on the surface of a fabric
resulting from use or abrasion.
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 Piping/welting: A cord of paper, fiber or plastic,
wrapped in fabric or leather and used to trim upholstered items and/or to
secure a seam. Many Norwalk upholstered pieces feature piping/welting.
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| Polyester: 1- A
synthetic resin, polymer-derived fiber often used in a blend with wool, cotton
or rayon. Admirable characteristics: lightweight, strong, soft hand, durable
and wrinkle resistant. 2- Fabric woven from polyester fibers.
Printed warp: The threads or yarns that run perpendicular to the
weft or fill yarns in woven goods and provide the foundation for the fabric. A
printed warp provides more color options and enhancement to a textile. See
Weft.
Provincial: 1- Generally, relating to the countryside, rural,
pastoral, simple and unsophisticated. 2- Often used to refer to rustic and
hand-crafted furnishings and design from the French provinces outside of Paris
and particularly from the southern region of Province.
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| Queen Anne style: Furniture and architectural styles developed
during the reign of Queen Anne, often exhibiting curved legs and simple
ornamentation.
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| Railroad center: Term for fabric pattern direction in which the
design is oriented across the width, and runs perpendicular to the selvage or
edges. See Selvage.
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Railroad match: Term for fabric pattern direction in
which the design is oriented across the width, runs perpendicular to the
selvages or edges and would require matching. For instance, a plaid or large
check would be laid out across the roll, not down the length. See Selvage.
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| Railroad random:
Term for fabric pattern direction in which the design is oriented across the
width, runs perpendicular to the selvages or edges and is indistinct enough to
not require matching. See Selvage.
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 Rattan: 1- Plants of the climbing palm family. 2- The
material harvested from the rattan plant. 3- Products made from the rattan
material.
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| Rayon: A man-made
fiber derived from the cell wall of plants. Admirable characteristics: luster,
soft hand, pilling resistance and absorption of dyes.
Reeding: Parallel grooves carved into wood, stone or metal to
resemble the slender stems of water plants.
Retro style: A reference to designs inspired by objects from the
period and movements of the first 60 years of the 20th century: Bauhaus, Deco,
Jazz, Internationalism, Cubism, Modernism, etc.
Revival: The reintroduction of designs from an earlier period, for
instance, Renaissance revival or Greek revival.
Ribbon band: A narrow trim of fabric around the edge or base of a
sofa, chair or table skirt, a pillow or drapery.
Rococo style: A design style originated in France in the 1700s using
heavy ornamentation of leaves, animals and scrolling. Seen in architecture and
objects.
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Rolled arm: Refers to the shape of an upholstered arm
in which the top portion is rounded and larger than the supporting post
underneath. Padding and fabric are then pulled over the top, then attached,
creating a rolled profile. |
| Sateen: A
textile, usually of cotton, with a polished finish resembling the luster of
satin. Seating: General term for furniture crafted for the purpose of
providing a sitting position for the body. Not specific to size or style.
Seam strength: The durability of the binding that joins one piece
of fabric to another.
Sectional: A sofa created by a group of pieces or units rather
than of a single frame construction.
Seersucker: A lightweight textile with a puckered surface and a
striped pattern.
Self-deck: To cover the frame area of an upholstered piece beneath
the seat cushions with a body or cover cloth as opposed to muslin or other
neutral fabric.
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Selvage: The end(s), sides or edges of a textile
that are tightly woven to prevent unraveling or fraying.
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Loose back pillows or cushions attached with a zipper or seam to the inside
back of an upholstered item.
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Settee: A seating piece of narrow length with a full
height back similar to a small sofa.
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| Shabby chic style: A design that uses a slipcover in light neutrals
or colors. Occasionally, used to describe light-colored patchwork fabrics on
loose-fitting slipcovers.
Shaker style: A style of furniture and objects originated by the
Christian sect of Shakers. Items were finely crafted of quality materials,
simply styled for function and free of ornamentation.
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Shirred skirt: A skirt in which the fabric is
gathered or ruffled.
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Side chair: A chair with no arms. Typically
referring to a dining chair.
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| Silhouette: The
shape of a piece of furniture. Silk: A natural fiber derived from the silk worm. Admirable
characteristics: soft, smooth hand, lustrous, color-fast and somewhat abrasion
resistant.
 Slipcover/slipcover look: An upholstery cover sewn
complete or in parts and then pulled over the frame of a piece of furniture
without fastening. Usually loose and drapery-like. Original slipcovers were
designed to protect upholstered furniture during periods of storage or lack of
use.
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Slipper chair: A fully upholstered chair without
arms and usually skirted.
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Spiral welt: Decorative welt trim featuring one or
multiple colors of yarn, arranged in a spiral pattern.
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Splat: The
vertical back support(s) of a chair or bench.
Split leather: Leather that has been created by separating the
layers of the animal hide. The layer under the top layer.
Spring and down: A seat cushion combining feathers and enclosed
springs. A number of Norwalk products can be made with spring and down
cushions.
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Square leg: A post supporting a piece of furniture
with no change in dimension from top to bottom and equal dimensions on all
sides.
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| Stain: 1- To apply
color to a surface. 2- The pigmented material applied to a surface to provide
a semi-transparent color.
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Stretcher: The joinery between legs of a table or
seating piece. Provides stability.
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| Suspension: The
components in an upholstered piece that provide the support and comfort for
the seating and back areas. Coils, sinuous springs, webbing and foam are
common components. Swivel chair: A seating piece that allows for rotation or spinning
in position.
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Tapered leg: A post of a piece of furniture with
dimensions that are wider at the top than the base and typically reduce in a
uniform rate.
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Tapestry: 1-A heavy textile usually depicting scenes
or landscapes with high yarn pile and often multi-colored. Much of the
coloration in the design comes from multi-colored warp yarns. See Warp. 2- An
art piece crafted by the weaving of colored yarns.
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T-cushion: The back or seat cushions of an
upholstered item that have square extensions on one corner.
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Tight back: An upholstered style in which the cover
is pulled tight over the inside back frame and padding of the piece, then
attached. Pillows or back cushions are not required for use.
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Tight seat: An
upholstered style in which the cover is pulled tight over the seat frame and
padding, and then attached. No seat cushion is required for use.
Toile: A lightweight textile that is usually printed with domestic
or pastoral scenes in one or two colors.
Top grain leather: Leather created from hides that need some
correcting of blemishes, scars or discoloration.
Traffic patterns: The direction in which people move through a room.
Transitional style: A generic label given to styles that combine
elements of traditional and contemporary design.
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Trim: An embellishment added for decoration or
functional purpose. Examples: fringe on a skirt or pillow, moldings on an
armoire.
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Turned feet, legs, posts: Elements of a piece of
furniture that have been processed through a lathe or otherwise shaped to
create balls, buns, spirals, ropes or clubs, etc. The name is derived from a
craftsman holding and turning a piece of wood against the lathe till the
desired form is achieved.
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| Tuxedo style: A
style of upholstery with straight lines, higher back and arms. Usually, the
arms are the same height as the back.
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Two-over-two: A reference to seat and back cushion
configurations: two back cushions over two seat cushions. Three-over-three is
also a common combination. A number of Norwalk styles can be ordered with two
or three seat options.
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| Ultra-soft: A
cushion option created from a blend of fiber and feathers.
Upholstery: Products combining frame, suspension and cover to
provide seating.
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| Vegetable dye:
Colors derived from the pigments of plants and botanical products.
Victorian style: Reference to characteristics of design during the
latter half of the reign of Queen Victoria of England, 1837 to1901. Objects
were massive in scale and heavily ornamented. Elaborate and delicate carvings
and turnings were also popular.
Voile: A lightweight, simply woven textile that is semi-translucent.
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Warp: The yarns
that run vertically with the roll of goods or parallel to the selvage. See
Selvage.
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Waterfall skirt: A skirt style cascades over the
seat and front of a piece.
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| Webbing: A type of
seating suspension that uses bands of interlaced flexible materials. Weft/fill: The visible yarns in a textile that are woven through the
less visible foundation of warp yarns. Weft yarns run perpendicular to
selvage. See Selvage.
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Welting/piping: A cord of paper, fiber or plastic,
wrapped in fabric or leather and used to trim upholstered items and/or to
secure a seam. Almost all Norwalk upholstered pieces feature welting/piping.
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William & Mary style:
A style of architecture and furnishings, sometime referred to as early Queen
Anne, and made popular during the late 1600s. Dutch, Spanish, French and
Oriental motifs were introduced into English design at this time.
Williamsburg style: Inspired by the 1632 colonial settlement of
Williamsburg, Virginia. Many early American and primitive designs originated
here. Many 18th century reproductions are modeled after items from this region
and period.
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Wingback chair: A chair, usually fully upholstered,
with wings rising up from the arm and joining the back at a 90-degree or wider
angle. The original purpose for the wings were assumed to be to prevent drafts
in old houses from reaching the upper body or to protect the delicate skin of
gentrified ladies from the heat of a roaring fireplace.
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| Zigzag: Refers to
a method of stitching. A movement or shape of alternating stitching or threads
usually indicated by sharp changes in direction. |
